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Laravel之Contracts和Facades详解

Contracts

Contracts其实就是倡导面向接口编程,来达到解耦的目的。而这些通用的接口已经由Laravel为你设计好了。就是这些Contracts.

那么Laravel如何知道我们需要使用哪个实现呢?

在Laravel默认的Contracts绑定中,在'Illuminate/Foundation/Application.php'有这样的定义:这就是绑定了默认的接口实现.

推荐:《laravel教程》

/**      * Register the core class aliases in the container.      *      * @return void      */     public function registerCoreContainerAliases()     {         $aliases = [             'app'                  => ['IlluminateFoundationApplication', 'IlluminateContractsContainerContainer', 'IlluminateContractsFoundationApplication'],             'auth'                 => 'IlluminateAuthAuthManager',             'auth.driver'          => ['IlluminateAuthGuard', 'IlluminateContractsAuthGuard'],             'auth.password.tokens' => 'IlluminateAuthPasswordsTokenRepositoryInterface',             'blade.compiler'       => 'IlluminateViewCompilersBladeCompiler',             'cache'                => ['IlluminateCacheCacheManager', 'IlluminateContractsCacheFactory'],             'cache.store'          => ['IlluminateCacheRepository', 'IlluminateContractsCacheRepository'],             'config'               => ['IlluminateConfigRepository', 'IlluminateContractsConfigRepository'],             'cookie'               => ['IlluminateCookieCookieJar', 'IlluminateContractsCookieFactory', 'IlluminateContractsCookieQueueingFactory'],             'encrypter'            => ['IlluminateEncryptionEncrypter', 'IlluminateContractsEncryptionEncrypter'],             'db'                   => 'IlluminateDatabaseDatabaseManager',             'db.connection'        => ['IlluminateDatabaseConnection', 'IlluminateDatabaseConnectionInterface'],             'events'               => ['IlluminateEventsDispatcher', 'IlluminateContractsEventsDispatcher'],             'files'                => 'IlluminateFilesystemFilesystem',             'filesystem'           => ['IlluminateFilesystemFilesystemManager', 'IlluminateContractsFilesystemFactory'],             'filesystem.disk'      => 'IlluminateContractsFilesystemFilesystem',             'filesystem.cloud'     => 'IlluminateContractsFilesystemCloud',             'hash'                 => 'IlluminateContractsHashingHasher',             'translator'           => ['IlluminateTranslationTranslator', 'SymfonyComponentTranslationTranslatorInterface'],             'log'                  => ['IlluminateLogWriter', 'IlluminateContractsLoggingLog', 'PsrLogLoggerInterface'],             'mailer'               => ['IlluminateMailMailer', 'IlluminateContractsMailMailer', 'IlluminateContractsMailMailQueue'],             'auth.password'        => ['IlluminateAuthPasswordsPasswordBroker', 'IlluminateContractsAuthPasswordBroker'],             'queue'                => ['IlluminateQueueQueueManager', 'IlluminateContractsQueueFactory', 'IlluminateContractsQueueMonitor'],             'queue.connection'     => 'IlluminateContractsQueueQueue',             'redirect'             => 'IlluminateRoutingRedirector',             'redis'                => ['IlluminateRedisDatabase', 'IlluminateContractsRedisDatabase'],             'request'              => 'IlluminateHttpRequest',             'router'               => ['IlluminateRoutingRouter', 'IlluminateContractsRoutingRegistrar'],             'session'              => 'IlluminateSessionSessionManager',             'session.store'        => ['IlluminateSessionStore', 'SymfonyComponentHttpFoundationSessionSessionInterface'],             'url'                  => ['IlluminateRoutingUrlGenerator', 'IlluminateContractsRoutingUrlGenerator'],             'validator'            => ['IlluminateValidationFactory', 'IlluminateContractsValidationFactory'],             'view'                 => ['IlluminateViewFactory', 'IlluminateContractsViewFactory'],         ];

在我们自定义的接口实现时,我们可以在ServiceProvider中使用进行绑定:

$this->app->bind('AppContractsEventPusher', 'AppServicesPusherEventPusher');

Facades

Facades 为应用程序的服务容器中可用的类提供了一个「静态」接口。Laravel 「facades」作为在服务容器内基类的「静态代理」。很难懂?

我们打开项目目录下的config/app.php,然后找到

/*     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------     | Class Aliases     |--------------------------------------------------------------------------     |     | This array of class aliases will be registered when this application     | is started. However, feel free to register as many as you wish as     | the aliases are "lazy" loaded so they don't hinder performance.     |     */     'aliases' => [         'App'       => IlluminateSupportFacadesApp::class,         'Artisan'   => IlluminateSupportFacadesArtisan::class,         'Auth'      => IlluminateSupportFacadesAuth::class,         'Blade'     => IlluminateSupportFacadesBlade::class,         'Bus'       => IlluminateSupportFacadesBus::class,         'Cache'     => IlluminateSupportFacadesCache::class,         'Config'    => IlluminateSupportFacadesConfig::class,         'Cookie'    => IlluminateSupportFacadesCookie::class,         'Crypt'     => IlluminateSupportFacadesCrypt::class,         'DB'        => IlluminateSupportFacadesDB::class,         'Eloquent'  => IlluminateDatabaseEloquentModel::class,         'Event'     => IlluminateSupportFacadesEvent::class,         'File'      => IlluminateSupportFacadesFile::class,         'Gate'      => IlluminateSupportFacadesGate::class,         'Hash'      => IlluminateSupportFacadesHash::class,         'Input'     => IlluminateSupportFacadesInput::class,         'Lang'      => IlluminateSupportFacadesLang::class,         'Log'       => IlluminateSupportFacadesLog::class,         'Mail'      => IlluminateSupportFacadesMail::class,         'Password'  => IlluminateSupportFacadesPassword::class,         'Queue'     => IlluminateSupportFacadesQueue::class,         'Redirect'  => IlluminateSupportFacadesRedirect::class,         'Redis'     => IlluminateSupportFacadesRedis::class,         'Request'   => IlluminateSupportFacadesRequest::class,         'Response'  => IlluminateSupportFacadesResponse::class,         'Route'     => IlluminateSupportFacadesRoute::class,         'Schema'    => IlluminateSupportFacadesSchema::class,         'Session'   => IlluminateSupportFacadesSession::class,         'Storage'   => IlluminateSupportFacadesStorage::class,         'URL'       => IlluminateSupportFacadesURL::class,         'Validator' => IlluminateSupportFacadesValidator::class,         'View'      => IlluminateSupportFacadesView::class,     ],

你是不是发现了什么?对,Facades其实就是在config/app.php中定义的一系列类的别名。只不过这些类都具有一个共同的特点,那就是继承基底 IlluminateSupportFacadesFacade 类并实现一个方法:getFacadeAccessor返回名称。

自定义Facade

参考http://www.tutorialspoint.com/laravel/laravel_facades.htm

Step 1 −创建一个名为 TestFacadesServiceProvider的ServiceProvider ,使用如下命令即可:

php artisan make:provider TestFacadesServiceProvider

Step 2 − 创建一个底层代理类,命名为“TestFacades.php” at “App/Test”.

App/Test/TestFacades.php

<?php namespace AppTest; class TestFacades{    public function testingFacades(){       echo "Testing the Facades in Laravel.";    } } ?>

Step 3 − 创建一个 Facade 类 called “TestFacades.php” at “App/Test/Facades”.

App/Test/Facades/TestFacades.php

<?php namespace appTestFacades; use IlluminateSupportFacadesFacade; class TestFacades extends Facade{    protected static function getFacadeAccessor() { return 'test'; } }

Step 4 −创建一个ServiceProviders类,名为“TestFacadesServiceProviders.php” at “App/Test/Facades”.

App/Providers/TestFacadesServiceProviders.php

<?php namespace AppProviders; use App; use IlluminateSupportServiceProvider; class TestFacadesServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider {    public function boot() {       //    }    public function register() {      //可以这么绑定,这需要use App;     //  App::bind('test',function() {     //     return new AppTestTestFacades;     //  });            //也可以这么绑定,推荐。这个test对应于Facade的getFacadeAccessor返回值         $this->app->bind("test", function(){             return new MyFoo(); //给这个Facade返回一个代理实例。所有对Facade的调用都会被转发到该类对象下。         });    } }

Step 5 − 在config/app.php注册ServiceProvider类

Step 6 − 在config/app.php注册自定义Facade的别名

使用测试:

Add the following lines in app/Http/routes.php.

Route::get('/facadeex', function(){    return TestFacades::testingFacades(); });

Step 9 − Visit the following URL to test the Facade.

http://localhost:8000/facadeex去查看输出

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