部署mysql的读写分离教程

1、读写分离原理：

读写分离就是在主服务器上修改，数据会同步到从服务器，从服务器只能提供读取数据，不能写入，实现备份的同时也实现了数据库性能的优化，以及提升了服务器安全。

安装环境：

linux环境	centos7.3
192.168.2.201	master主数据库
192.168.2.202	slave从数据库
192.168.2.203	mysql-proxy中间件

2、mysql的读写分离是在mysql主从复制的基础上的，所以我们先要搭建mysql的主从复制环境，之前的博客已经写到，这里不再多赘述。mysql的主从复制

下面我们在192.162.2.203机器上操作：

安装依赖：

  yum install -y gcc* gcc-c++* autoconf* automake* zlib* libxml* ncurses-devel* libmcrypt* libtool* flex* pkgconfig* libevent* glib* readline-devel*

MySQL-Proxy的读写分离主要是通过rw-splitting.lua脚本实现的，因此需要安装lua。

  wget http://www.lua.org/ftp/lua-5.3.4.tar.gz    tar xf lua-5.3.4.tar.gz    cd lua-5.3.4    vi src/Makefile    #替换成下面的配置内容，删除原有的  CFLAGS= -O2 -Wall -fPIC -Wextra -DLUA_COMPAT_5_2 $(SYSCFLAGS) $(MYCFLAGS)    make linux    make install

3、下载myqsl-proxy中间件安装包，解压设置属组权限。

  wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-proxy-0.8.5-linux-glibc2.3-x86-64bit.tar.gz    tar xf mysql-proxy-0.8.5-linux-glibc2.3-x86-64bit.tar.gz -C /usr/local    cd /usr/local/    mv mysql-proxy-0.8.5-linux-glibc2.3-x86-64bit /usr/local/mysql-proxy    useradd mysql-proxy    chown -R mysql-proxy.mysql-proxy mysql-proxy*    cd /usr/local/mysql-proxy    #创建存放lua的脚本和日志的两个目录  mkdir lua   mkdir logs       #复制读写分离配置文件  cd /usr/local/mysql-proxy/lua  cp share/doc/mysql-proxy/rw-splitting.lua .  #修改rw-splitting.lua配置内容  proxy.global.config.rwsplit = {  min_idle_connections = 1, //默认为4  max_idle_connections = 1, //默认为8  is_debug = false  }      #创建admin.lua脚本，不使用自带的admin-sql.lua脚本  vim admin.lua    #添加一下内容    --[[ $%BEGINLICENSE%$   Copyright (c) 2007, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.       This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or   modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as   published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the   License.       This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the   GNU General Public License for more details.       You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software   Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA   02110-1301  USA       $%ENDLICENSE%$ --]]      function set_error(errmsg)   proxy.response = {  type = proxy.MYSQLD_PACKET_ERR,  errmsg = errmsg or "error"  }  end      function read_query(packet)  if packet:byte() ~= proxy.COM_QUERY then  set_error("[admin] we only handle text-based queries (COM_QUERY)")  return proxy.PROXY_SEND_RESULT  end      local query = packet:sub(2)      local rows = { }  local fields = { }      if query:lower() == "select * from backends" then  fields = {   { name = "backend_ndx",    type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_LONG },      { name = "address",   type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },  { name = "state",   type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },  { name = "type",   type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },  { name = "uuid",   type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },  { name = "connected_clients",    type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_LONG },  }      for i = 1, #proxy.global.backends do  local states = {  "unknown",  "up",  "down"  }  local types = {  "unknown",  "rw",  "ro"  }  local b = proxy.global.backends[i]      rows[#rows + 1] = {  i,  b.dst.name,          -- configured backend address  states[b.state + 1], -- the C-id is pushed down starting at 0  types[b.type + 1],   -- the C-id is pushed down starting at 0  b.uuid,              -- the MySQL Server's UUID if it is managed  b.connected_clients  -- currently connected clients  }  end  elseif query:lower() == "select * from help" then  fields = {   { name = "command",    type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },  { name = "description",    type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },  }  rows[#rows + 1] = { "SELECT * FROM help", "shows this help" }  rows[#rows + 1] = { "SELECT * FROM backends", "lists the backends and their state" }  else  set_error("use 'SELECT * FROM help' to see the supported commands")  return proxy.PROXY_SEND_RESULT  end      proxy.response = {  type = proxy.MYSQLD_PACKET_OK,  resultset = {  fields = fields,  rows = rows  }  }  return proxy.PROXY_SEND_RESULT  end  

4、创建mysql-proxy启动时所需要的配置文件

  vi /etc/mysql-proxy.cnf   #创建配置文件    [mysql-proxy]  user=root  admin-username=wyl  admin-password=1234  proxy-address=192.168.2.203:4040  proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=192.168.2.202:3306  proxy-backend-addresses=192.168.2.201:3306  proxy-lua-script=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/lua/rw-splitting.lua  admin-lua-script=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/lua/admin.lua  log-file=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/logs/mysql-proxy.log  log-level=info  daemon=true  keepalive=true  ~              

这里注意上述的配置在复制的时候注意每行后面一定不要有空格，否则会报如下的错误，尤其在复制他人博客的时候每行后面都有一个注释，就是这个地方会有空格出现。

   Key file contains key 'daemon' which has value that cannot be interpreted.

启动mysql-proxy

  /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy  --defaults-file=/etc/mysql-proxy.cnf --plugins=proxy --plugins=admin

启动后查看进程和端口：

5、创建用于读写分离的数据库连接用户
登陆主数据库服务器192.168.2.201，通过命令行登录管理MySQL服务器

  [root@sqldb01 opt]# mysql -uroot -p1234    mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'wyl'@'192.168.%.%' IDENTIFIED BY '1234';    mysql>flush privileges;    

由于我们配置了主从复制功能，因此从数据库服务器192.168.2.202上已经同步了此操作。

6、在mysql-proxy的机器上进入后发现已经变成代理的mysql，version:5.0.99-agent-admin。

当输入如下指令进入数据库明令行时，可以对数据库增删改查操作。

  mysql -uwyl -p1234 -h 192.168.2.203 -P4040

执行多次查询和插入询操作，如果出现下面图中的state都是up状态，则表示读写分离功能实现。