linux 系统sysctl命令解析。
Sysctl指令是对系统核心参数的设置:
用法:
-a 参数列出系统中所有核心设置
当然了这些核心的设置都是文件,存放于/proc/sys/net目录下。
举个有代表性的例子:
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all = 0把所有的点改为/就可以了。
[root@redhat net]# net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all = 0
[root@redhat net]# cd ipv4/
[root@redhat ipv4]# cat icmp_echo_ignore_all
0
我们可以通过编辑或导入的办法不该文件,但同时也有相关的命令修改:
-w参数只对英文单词有效,对数字无效。同时也可以看到要使用绝对路径,相对路径是不可以的。
要想使用相对路径:
导入的办法只对相对路径有效。
提示:
该文件等于1,就是禁止被ping。
[root@redhat ipv4]# cat icmp_echo_ignore_all //这样的修改只是临时的,重启后系统会重新分配,想永久生效就把该条写进 /etc/sysctl.conf
1
echo "icmp_echo_ignore_all = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
下面来看下sysctl这个指令的有效文件。
# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
开启内核路由功能:默认参数=0
et.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
使其配置后直接生效:# sysctl –p
# sysctl –p命令还可以指定sysctl指令的配置文件,系统默认的存放在/etc/sysctl.conf,其实也可以自己指定。
(2)
sysctl命令被用于在内核运行时动态地修改内核的运行参数,可用的内核参数在目录/proc/sys中。它包含一些TCP/ip堆栈和虚拟内存系统的高级选项, 这可以让有经验的管理员提高引人注目的系统性能。用sysctl可以读取设置超过五百个系统变量。
语法
sysctl(选项)(参数)
选项
-n:打印值时不打印关键字; -e:忽略未知关键字错误; -N:仅打印名称; -w:当改变sysctl设置时使用此项; -p:从配置文件“/etc/sysctl.conf”加载内核参数设置; -a:打印当前所有可用的内核参数变量和值; -A:以表格方式打印当前所有可用的内核参数变量和值。
参数
变量=值:设置内核参数对应的变量值。
实例
查看所有可读变量:
sysctl -a
读一个指定的变量,例如kern.maxproc:
sysctl kern.maxproc kern.maxproc: 1044
要设置一个指定的变量,直接用variable=value这样的语法:
sysctl kern.maxfiles=5000 kern.maxfiles: 2088 -> 5000
您可以使用sysctl修改系统变量,也可以通过编辑sysctl.conf文件来修改系统变量。sysctl.conf看起来很像rc.conf。它用variable=value的形式来设定值。指定的值在系统进入多用户模式之后被设定。并不是所有的变量都可以在这个模式下设定。
sysctl变量的设置通常是字符串、数字或者布尔型。(布尔型用 1 来表示'yes',用 0 来表示'no')。
sysctl -w kernel.sysrq=0 sysctl -w kernel.core_uses_pid=1 sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects=0 sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route=0 sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1 sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1 sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog=2048 sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout=30 sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries=2 sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time=3600 sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling=1 sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_sack=1
配置sysctl
编辑此文件:/etc/sysctl.conf
如果该文件为空,则输入以下内容,否则请根据情况自己做调整:
# Controls source route verification # Default should work for all interfaces net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1 # net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1 # net.ipv4.conf.lo.rp_filter = 1 # net.ipv4.conf.eth0.rp_filter = 1 # Disables IP source routing # Default should work for all interfaces net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0 # net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0 # net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_source_route = 0 # net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_source_route = 0 # Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel kernel.sysrq = 0 # Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename. # Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications. kernel.core_uses_pid = 1 # Increase maximum amount of memory allocated to shm # Only uncomment if needed! # kernel.shmmax = 67108864 # Disable ICMP Redirect Acceptance # Default should work for all interfaces net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0 # net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0 # net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_redirects = 0 # net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_redirects = 0 # enable Log Spoofed Packets, Source Routed Packets, Redirect Packets # Default should work for all interfaces net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 1 # net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1 # net.ipv4.conf.lo.log_martians = 1 # net.ipv4.conf.eth0.log_martians = 1 # Decrease the time default value for tcp_fin_timeout connection net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 25 # Decrease the time default value for tcp_keepalive_time connection net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200 # Turn on the tcp_window_scaling net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1 # Turn on the tcp_sack net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1 # tcp_fack should be on because of sack net.ipv4.tcp_fack = 1 # Turn on the tcp_timestamps net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1 # Enable TCP SYN Cookie Protection net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 # Enable ignoring broadcasts request net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1 # Enable bad error message Protection net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1 # make more local ports available # net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 # set TCP Re-Ordering value in kernel to ‘5′ net.ipv4.tcp_reordering = 5 # Lower syn retry rates net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 3 # Set Max SYN Backlog to ‘2048′ net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 2048 # Various Settings net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 1024 # Increase the maximum number of skb-heads to be cached net.core.hot_list_length = 256 # Increase the tcp-time-wait buckets pool size net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 360000 # This will increase the amount of memory available for socket input/output queues net.core.rmem_default = 65535 net.core.rmem_max = 8388608 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608 net.core.wmem_default = 65535 net.core.wmem_max = 8388608 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65535 8388608 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 8388608 8388608 8388608 net.core.optmem_max = 40960
如果希望屏蔽别人ping你的主机,则加入以下代码:
# Disable ping requests net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all = 1
编辑完成后,请执行以下命令使变动立即生效:
/sbin/sysctl -p /sbin/sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1