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超详细的JVM反射原理技术点总结哦~

java基础栏目今天介绍超详细的JVM反射原理技术点总结哦。

超详细的JVM反射原理技术点总结哦~

反射定义

1,JAVA反射机制是在运行状态中

对于任意一个类,都能够知道这个类的所有属性和方法;

对于任意一个对象,都能够调用它的任意一个方法和属性;

这种动态获取的信息以及动态调用对象的方法的功能称为java语言的反射机制。

反射提供的功能:

  • 在运行时判断任意一个对象所属的类
  • 在运行时构造任意一个类的对象
  • 在运行时判断任意一个类所具有的成员变量和方法
  • 在运行时调用任意一个对象的方法

(如果属性是private,正常情况下是不允许外界操作属性值,这里可以用Field类的setAccessible(true)方法,暂时打开操作的权限)

反射的使用场景

  • Java编码时知道类和对象的具体信息,此时直接对类和对象进行操作即可,无需反射
  • 如果编码时不知道类或者对象的具体信息,此时应该使用反射来实现

反射源码解析

举例API :

Class.forName("com.my.reflectTest").newInstance()复制代码

1. 反射获取类实例 Class.forName("xxx");

  首先调用了 java.lang.Class 的静态方法,获取类信息!

注意:forName()反射获取类信息,并没有将实现留给了java,而是交给了jvm去加载!

主要是先获取 ClassLoader, 然后调用 native 方法,获取信息,加载类则是回调 入参ClassLoader 进类加载!

 @CallerSensitive     public static Class<?> forName(String className)                 throws ClassNotFoundException {         // 先通过反射,获取调用进来的类信息,从而获取当前的 classLoader         Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();         // 调用native方法进行获取class信息         return forName0(className, true, ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller), caller);     }复制代码

2. java.lang.ClassLoader—–loadClass()

// java.lang.ClassLoader     protected Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve)         throws ClassNotFoundException     {         // 先获取锁         synchronized (getClassLoadingLock(name)) {             // First, check if the class has already been loaded             // 如果已经加载了的话,就不用再加载了             Class<?> c = findLoadedClass(name);             if (c == null) {                 long t0 = System.nanoTime();                 try {                     // 双亲委托加载                     if (parent != null) {                         c = parent.loadClass(name, false);                     } else {                         c = findBootstrapClassOrNull(name);                     }                 } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {                     // ClassNotFoundException thrown if class not found                     // from the non-null parent class loader                 }                   // 父类没有加载到时,再自己加载                 if (c == null) {                     // If still not found, then invoke findClass in order                     // to find the class.                     long t1 = System.nanoTime();                     c = findClass(name);                       // this is the defining class loader; record the stats                     sun.misc.PerfCounter.getParentDelegationTime().addTime(t1 - t0);                     sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClassTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t1);                     sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClasses().increment();                 }             }             if (resolve) {                 resolveClass(c);             }             return c;         }     }          protected Object getClassLoadingLock(String className) {         Object lock = this;         if (parallelLockMap != null) {             // 使用 ConcurrentHashMap来保存锁             Object newLock = new Object();             lock = parallelLockMap.putIfAbsent(className, newLock);             if (lock == null) {                 lock = newLock;             }         }         return lock;     }          protected final Class<?> findLoadedClass(String name) {         if (!checkName(name))             return null;         return findLoadedClass0(name);     }复制代码

3. newInstance()

newInstance() 其实相当于调用类的无参构造函数,主要做了三件事复制代码
  • 权限检测,如果不通过直接抛出异常;

  • 查找无参构造器,并将其缓存起来;

  • 调用具体方法的无参构造方法,生成实例并返回;

// 首先肯定是 Class.newInstance     @CallerSensitive     public T newInstance()         throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException     {         if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {             checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);         }           // NOTE: the following code may not be strictly correct under         // the current Java memory model.           // Constructor lookup         // newInstance() 其实相当于调用类的无参构造函数,所以,首先要找到其无参构造器         if (cachedConstructor == null) {             if (this == Class.class) {                 // 不允许调用 Class 的 newInstance() 方法                 throw new IllegalAccessException(                     "Can not call newInstance() on the Class for java.lang.Class"                 );             }             try {                 // 获取无参构造器                 Class<?>[] empty = {};                 final Constructor<T> c = getConstructor0(empty, Member.DECLARED);                 // Disable accessibility checks on the constructor                 // since we have to do the security check here anyway                 // (the stack depth is wrong for the Constructor's                 // security check to work)                 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(                     new java.security.PrivilegedAction<Void>() {                         public Void run() {                                 c.setAccessible(true);                                 return null;                             }                         });                 cachedConstructor = c;             } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {                 throw (InstantiationException)                     new InstantiationException(getName()).initCause(e);             }         }         Constructor<T> tmpConstructor = cachedConstructor;         // Security check (same as in java.lang.reflect.Constructor)         int modifiers = tmpConstructor.getModifiers();         if (!Reflection.quickCheckMemberAccess(this, modifiers)) {             Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();             if (newInstanceCallerCache != caller) {                 Reflection.ensureMemberAccess(caller, this, null, modifiers);                 newInstanceCallerCache = caller;             }         }         // Run constructor         try {             // 调用无参构造器             return tmpConstructor.newInstance((Object[])null);         } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {             Unsafe.getUnsafe().throwException(e.getTargetException());             // Not reached             return null;         }     }复制代码

4. getConstructor0() 为获取匹配的构造方器;分三步:

  1. 先获取所有的constructors, 然后通过进行参数类型比较;   2. 找到匹配后,通过 ReflectionFactory copy一份constructor返回;   3. 否则抛出 NoSuchMethodException;

private Constructor<T> getConstructor0(Class<?>[] parameterTypes,                                         int which) throws NoSuchMethodException     {         // 获取所有构造器         Constructor<T>[] constructors = privateGetDeclaredConstructors((which == Member.PUBLIC));         for (Constructor<T> constructor : constructors) {             if (arrayContentsEq(parameterTypes,                                 constructor.getParameterTypes())) {                 return getReflectionFactory().copyConstructor(constructor);             }         }         throw new NoSuchMethodException(getName() + ".<init>" + argumentTypesToString(parameterTypes));     }复制代码

5. privateGetDeclaredConstructors(), 获取所有的构造器主要步骤;

  1. 先尝试从缓存中获取;   2. 如果缓存没有,则从jvm中重新获取,并存入缓存,缓存使用软引用进行保存,保证内存可用;

// 获取当前类所有的构造方法,通过jvm或者缓存     // Returns an array of "root" constructors. These Constructor     // objects must NOT be propagated to the outside world, but must     // instead be copied via ReflectionFactory.copyConstructor.     private Constructor<T>[] privateGetDeclaredConstructors(boolean publicOnly) {         checkInitted();         Constructor<T>[] res;         // 调用 reflectionData(), 获取保存的信息,使用软引用保存,从而使内存不够可以回收         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();         if (rd != null) {             res = publicOnly ? rd.publicConstructors : rd.declaredConstructors;             // 存在缓存,则直接返回             if (res != null) return res;         }         // No cached value available; request value from VM         if (isInterface()) {             @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")             Constructor<T>[] temporaryRes = (Constructor<T>[]) new Constructor<?>[0];             res = temporaryRes;         } else {             // 使用native方法从jvm获取构造器             res = getDeclaredConstructors0(publicOnly);         }         if (rd != null) {             // 最后,将从jvm中读取的内容,存入缓存             if (publicOnly) {                 rd.publicConstructors = res;             } else {                 rd.declaredConstructors = res;             }         }         return res;     }          // Lazily create and cache ReflectionData     private ReflectionData<T> reflectionData() {         SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> reflectionData = this.reflectionData;         int classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;         ReflectionData<T> rd;         if (useCaches &&             reflectionData != null &&             (rd = reflectionData.get()) != null &&             rd.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {             return rd;         }         // else no SoftReference or cleared SoftReference or stale ReflectionData         // -> create and replace new instance         return newReflectionData(reflectionData, classRedefinedCount);     }          // 新创建缓存,保存反射信息     private ReflectionData<T> newReflectionData(SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> oldReflectionData,                                                 int classRedefinedCount) {         if (!useCaches) return null;           // 使用cas保证更新的线程安全性,所以反射是保证线程安全的         while (true) {             ReflectionData<T> rd = new ReflectionData<>(classRedefinedCount);             // try to CAS it...             if (Atomic.casReflectionData(this, oldReflectionData, new SoftReference<>(rd))) {                 return rd;             }             // 先使用CAS更新,如果更新成功,则立即返回,否则测查当前已被其他线程更新的情况,如果和自己想要更新的状态一致,则也算是成功了             oldReflectionData = this.reflectionData;             classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;             if (oldReflectionData != null &&                 (rd = oldReflectionData.get()) != null &&                 rd.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {                 return rd;             }         }     }复制代码

另外,使用 relactionData() 进行缓存保存;ReflectionData 的数据结构如下!

// reflection data that might get invalidated when JVM TI RedefineClasses() is called     private static class ReflectionData<T> {         volatile Field[] declaredFields;         volatile Field[] publicFields;         volatile Method[] declaredMethods;         volatile Method[] publicMethods;         volatile Constructor<T>[] declaredConstructors;         volatile Constructor<T>[] publicConstructors;         // Intermediate results for getFields and getMethods         volatile Field[] declaredPublicFields;         volatile Method[] declaredPublicMethods;         volatile Class<?>[] interfaces;           // Value of classRedefinedCount when we created this ReflectionData instance         final int redefinedCount;           ReflectionData(int redefinedCount) {             this.redefinedCount = redefinedCount;         }     }复制代码

6.通过上面,获取到 Constructor 了!接下来就只需调用其相应构造器的 newInstance(),即返回实例了!

// return tmpConstructor.newInstance((Object[])null);      // java.lang.reflect.Constructor     @CallerSensitive     public T newInstance(Object ... initargs)         throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException,                IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException     {         if (!override) {             if (!Reflection.quickCheckMemberAccess(clazz, modifiers)) {                 Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();                 checkAccess(caller, clazz, null, modifiers);             }         }         if ((clazz.getModifiers() & Modifier.ENUM) != 0)             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot reflectively create enum objects");         ConstructorAccessor ca = constructorAccessor;   // read volatile         if (ca == null) {             ca = acquireConstructorAccessor();         }         @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")         T inst = (T) ca.newInstance(initargs);         return inst;     }     // sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl     public Object newInstance(Object[] args)       throws InstantiationException,              IllegalArgumentException,              InvocationTargetException     {         return delegate.newInstance(args);     }     // sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl     public Object newInstance(Object[] args)         throws InstantiationException,                IllegalArgumentException,                InvocationTargetException     {         // We can't inflate a constructor belonging to a vm-anonymous class         // because that kind of class can't be referred to by name, hence can't         // be found from the generated bytecode.         if (++numInvocations > ReflectionFactory.inflationThreshold()                 && !ReflectUtil.isVMAnonymousClass(c.getDeclaringClass())) {             ConstructorAccessorImpl acc = (ConstructorAccessorImpl)                 new MethodAccessorGenerator().                     generateConstructor(c.getDeclaringClass(),                                         c.getParameterTypes(),                                         c.getExceptionTypes(),                                         c.getModifiers());             parent.setDelegate(acc);         }           // 调用native方法,进行调用 constructor         return newInstance0(c, args);     }复制代码

返回构造器的实例后,可以根据外部进行进行类型转换,从而使用接口或方法进行调用实例功能了。

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