之前的文章《浅析vue中web前端项目优化(附代码)》中,给大家了解了vue中web前端项目优化。下面本篇文章给大家了解一下JS中ES6代理Proxy用法,伙伴们来看看一下。
proxy的概念
proxy
英文原意是代理的意思,在ES6
中,可以翻译为"代理器"。它主要用于改变某些操作的默认行为,等同于在语言层面做出修改,所以属于一种“元编程”(meta programming
),即对编程语言进行编程。
proxy
在目标对象的外层搭建了一层拦截,外界对目标对象的某些操作(后文会说明,有哪些操作可以拦截),必须通过这层拦截。语法
var proxy = new Proxy(target, handler);
通过构造函数生成proxy
,target
参数是要拦截的目标对象,handler
参数也是一个对象,用来定制拦截行为。
例子
var obj = new Proxy( {}, { get: function (target, key, receiver) { console.log(`getting ${key}!`); return Reflect.get(target, key, receiver); }, set: function (target, key, value, receiver) { console.log(`setting ${key}!`); return Reflect.set(target, key, value, receiver); }, } );
一般将handle
参数说成配置对象,在配置对象中,可以定义需要拦截的操作。如果配置对象为空,那么对proxy
的操作将直通目标对象。
对proxy操作才有拦截效果,而不是目标对象。
Proxy实例的方法
当读取不存在的属性时候,抛出错误而不是返回undefined
var person = { name: "张三", }; var proxy = new Proxy(person, { get: function (target, property) { if (property in target) { return target[property]; } else { throw new ReferenceError('Property "' + property + '" does not exist.'); } }, }); proxy.name; // "张三" proxy.age; // 抛出一个错误
拦截读取继承属性
let proto = new Proxy( {}, { get(target, propertyKey, receiver) { console.log("GET " + propertyKey); return target[propertyKey]; }, } ); let obj = Object.create(proto); obj.xxx; // "GET xxx"
数组读取负数索引(负数索引表示倒着取数)
function createArray(...elements) { let handler = { get(target, propKey, receiver) { let index = Number(propKey); if (index < 0) { propKey = String(target.length + index); } return Reflect.get(target, propKey, receiver); }, }; let target = []; target.push(...elements); return new Proxy(target, handler); } let arr = createArray("a", "b", "c"); arr[-1]; // c
实现数据的限制
let validator = { set: function (obj, prop, value) { if (prop === "age") { if (!Number.isInteger(value)) { throw new TypeError("The age is not an integer"); } if (value > 200) { throw new RangeError("The age seems invalid"); } } // 对于age以外的属性,直接保存 obj[prop] = value; }, }; let person = new Proxy({}, validator); person.age = 100; person.age; // 100 person.age = "young"; // 报错 person.age = 300; // 报错
防止内部属性“_
”被外部读写(通常我们以下划线开头,表示其实内部属性)
var handler = { get(target, key) { invariant(key, "get"); return target[key]; }, set(target, key, value) { invariant(key, "set"); target[key] = value; return true; }, }; function invariant(key, action) { if (key[0] === "_") { throw new Error(`Invalid attempt to ${action} private "${key}" property`); } } var target = {}; var proxy = new Proxy(target, handler); proxy._prop; // Error: Invalid attempt to get private "_prop" property proxy._prop = "c"; // Error: Invalid attempt to set private "_prop" property
拦截——函数调用、call
、apply
操作
var twice = { apply(target, ctx, args) { return Reflect.apply(...arguments) * 2; }, }; function sum(left, right) { return left + right; } var proxy = new Proxy(sum, twice); proxy(1, 2); // 6 proxy.call(null, 5, 6); // 22 proxy.apply(null, [7, 8]); // 30
不对...in...
循环生效
var handler = { has(target, key) { if (key[0] === "_") { return false; } return key in target; }, }; var target = { _prop: "foo", prop: "foo" }; var proxy = new Proxy(target, handler); "_prop" in proxy; // false
不对for...in...
循环生效
let stu1 = { name: "张三", score: 59 }; let stu2 = { name: "李四", score: 99 }; let handler = { has(target, prop) { if (prop === "score" && target[prop] < 60) { console.log(`${target.name} 不及格`); return false; } return prop in target; }, }; let oproxy1 = new Proxy(stu1, handler); let oproxy2 = new Proxy(stu2, handler); "score" in oproxy1; // 张三 不及格 // false "score" in oproxy2; // true for (let a in oproxy1) { console.log(oproxy1[a]); } // 张三 // 59 for (let b in oproxy2) { console.log(oproxy2[b]); } // 李四 // 99
拦截object.keys()
方法
let target = { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3, }; let handler = { ownKeys(target) { return ["a"]; }, }; let proxy = new Proxy(target, handler); Object.keys(proxy); // [ 'a' ]
本文来源RYF地址:https://es6.ruanyifeng.com/#docs/proxy
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