站长资讯网前言
上篇文章讲述了有关Dockerfile的理论，以及演示了通过其构建的三个镜像服务httpd、sshd以及systemd。本文将结合先前的shell编程与当下的Dockerfile来给出基于Dockerfile构建Nginx、Tomcat以及MySQL模板。
- 揭开Docker的面纱 – 基础理论梳理和安装流程演示 http://www.info110.com/Linux/2020-04/163003.htm
- Docker基础命令详解 – 镜像及容器操作 http://www.info110.com/Linux/2020-04/163005.htm
- 深入理解Docker的硬件资源控制与验证 http://www.info110.com/Linux/2020-04/163006.htm
- Docker网络模式与配置Docker自定义网络（bridge模式） http://www.info110.com/Linux/2020-04/163007.htm
- Docker构建镜像的三种方式（Dockerfile初步） http://www.info110.com/Linux/2020-04/163008.htm
- 教你如何搭建Docker私有仓库 http://www.info110.com/Linux/2020-04/163009.htm
- 深入理解Docker数据管理与端口映射 http://www.info110.com/Linux/2020-04/163010.htm
- Dockerfile与Dockerfile实战 http://www.info110.com/Linux/2020-04/163011.htm
由于时间和篇幅问题，本文将省略build的过程。其中Nginx的构建将基于wget命令从网上下载，后两者将使用本地已有的软件包。
这样的目的一方面是演示多种方式，以及对两种方式的区别，另一方面则是效率问题，从网上获取一般收到影响较大（这个体会将在您build的时候感受出来）。
好了，下面直接给出对应的Dockerfile和相关文件吧。
先给出软件包链接：
链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1teUc4kqzLH1kZS7Vu3znaQ
关注Linux公社微信公众号（linuxidc_com），（见http://www.info110.com/Linux/2013-12/93755.htm），在Linux公社微信公众号后台发送发送“163012”即可获得。
基于Dockerfile的Nginx镜像构建
目录结构
[root@localhost nginx]# tree ./ ./ ├── Dockerfile └── nginx.sh 0 directories, 2 files Dockerfile以及其他文件
#基于dockerfile构建nginx镜像 #设置基础镜像 FROM CentOS:7 #维护该镜像的用户信息 MAINTAINER lokott@123.com #指令集 #更新及安装相关工具 RUN yum update -y RUN yum install -y wget lsof telnet net-tools gcc gcc-c++ make pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel #从官网上下载nginx软件包源并解压 RUN wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz RUN tar zxf nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz #创建nginx用户 RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx #指定后续RUN指令的工作目录 WORKDIR nginx-1.16.1 #配置参数以及编译nginx RUN ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module RUN make && make install #ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH #端口设置 EXPOSE 80 EXPOSE 443 #以非daemon方式运行 RUN echo "daemon off;" >> /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf #切换工作目录 WORKDIR /root/nginx ADD nginx.sh /nginx.sh RUN chmod 755 /nginx.sh #启动容器执行指令 CMD ["/nginx.sh"] shell脚本文件
[root@localhost nginx]# cat nginx.sh #!/bin/bash /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 对比手工编译的shell脚本是不是非常类似呢？其中需要注意的有两点：
1、从网上下载需要安装wget工具进行软件包下载并且需要执行tar命令解压，而本地有软件包则会自动解压（看下面两个服务构建镜像过程就可以理解了）
2、nginx通过服务是需要关闭后台运行，否则一直会无法正常运行容器
构建及运行
[root@localhost nginx]# docker build -t nginx:centos . [root@localhost nginx]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@localhost nginx]# docker run -d -P nginx:centos 3d4c431bf95feded1928268a4237768ca7ed2b362ef3cf582cab7e9d49cc4669 [root@localhost nginx]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 3d4c431bf95f nginx:centos "/nginx.sh" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:32772->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:32771->443/tcp distracted_mclean 测试：浏览器访问ip:32772 此时不能访问32771，因为涉及到ssl证书及其他服务
基于Dockerfile的Tomcat镜像构建
目录结构
[root@localhost tomcat]# tree . . ├── apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz ├── Dockerfile └── jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz 0 directories, 3 filesDockerfile文件
FROM centos:7 MAINTAINER this is tomcat ADD jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local WORKDIR /usr/local RUN mv jdk1.8.0_91 /usr/local/Java ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/java ENV JAVA_BIN /usr/local/java/bin ENV JRE_HOME /usr/local/java/jre ENV PATH $PATH:/usr/local/java/bin:/usr/local/java/jre/bin ENV CLASSPATH /usr/local/java/jre/bin:/usr/local/java/lib:/usr/local/java/jre/lib/charsets.jar ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz /usr/local WORKDIR /usr/local RUN mv apache-tomcat-9.0.16 /usr/local/tomcat8 EXPOSE 8080 ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/local/tomcat8/bin/catalina.sh","run"] 构建及运行
[root@localhost tomcat]# docker build -t tomcat:centos . [root@localhost tomcat]# docker run -d -P tomcat:centos c8a2e5524af1bf74dd1677d85f45db8e7d4715f97acac1298227cf0fc1092f46 [root@localhost tomcat]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c8a2e5524af1 tomcat:centos "/usr/local/tomcat8/…" 5 seconds ago Up 4 seconds 0.0.0.0:32773->8080/tcp xenodochial_yalow 测试
基于Dockerfile的MySQL镜像构建
目录结构
[root@localhost mysql5.7]# tree . . ├── Dockerfile ├── my.cnf └── mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz 0 directories, 3 files Dockerfile及其他文件
[root@localhost mysql5.7]# cat Dockerfile
#基于基础镜像 FROM centos:7 #维护该镜像的用户信息 MAINTAINER lokott@123.com #指令集 #下载相关工具 RUN yum -y install ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake make gcc gcc-c++ #创建mysql用户 RUN useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql #复制软件包到指定目录（将会自动解压） ADD mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz /usr/local/src #指定工作目录 WORKDIR /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.20/ #cmake配置及编译安装 RUN cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data -DWITH_BOOST=boost -DWITH_SYSTEMD=1 && make && make install #更改mysql目录属主属组 RUN chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/ #删除默认安装的my.cnf文件 RUN rm -rf /etc/my.cnf #复制一份my.cnf到etc目录下 ADD my.cnf /etc #更改该文件权限 RUN chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf #设置环境变量，命令目录及库文件目录 ENV PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH #指定工作目录 WORKDIR /usr/local/mysql/ #初始化设置 RUN bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data #优化启动方式 RUN cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/ EXPOSE 3306 #直接设置运行启动脚本 RUN echo -e "#!/bin/sh nsystemctl enable mysqld" > /run.sh RUN chmod 755 /run.sh RUN sh /run.sh #启动容器时执行 CMD ["init"] my.cnf文件
[client] port = 3306 default-character-set=utf8 socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock [mysql] port = 3306 default-character-set=utf8 socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock [mysqld] user = mysql basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data port = 3306 character_set_server=utf8 pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock server-id = 1 sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES 构建及运行
[root@localhost mysql5.7]# docker build -t mysql:latest . ...//友情提示MySQL5.7时间比较长 [root@localhost mysql5.7]# docker run --name mysql_new -d -P --privileged mysql:latest e9c9f93766d149a3387aed4cb5e04425269a884fccf06256b087d00e4c262222 [root@localhost mysql5.7]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES e9c9f93766d1 mysql:latest "init" 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds 0.0.0.0:32774->3306/tcp 进入MySQL服务的容器中进行提权操作
[root@localhost mysql5.7]# docker exec -it mysql_new /bin/bash [root@e9c9f93766d1 mysql]# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.7.20 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> exit Bye [root@e9c9f93766d1 mysql]# exit exit 宿主机系统安装mariadb服务来测试
[root@localhost mysql5.7]# yum install mariadb -y [root@localhost mysql5.7]# mysql -h 20.0.0.149 -P 32774 -uroot -p123456 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 4 Server version: 5.7.20 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. MySQL [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.01 sec) #创建一个数据库，退出后再次然后进入容器查看 MySQL [(none)]> create database mydb; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MySQL [(none)]> exit Bye [root@localhost mysql5.7]# docker exec -it mysql_new /bin/bash [root@e9c9f93766d1 mysql]# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 5 Server version: 5.7.20 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mydb | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> exit Bye [root@e9c9f93766d1 mysql]# exit exit [root@localhost mysql5.7]# 小结
基于Dockerfile构建这三个服务的镜像案例就说到这里，当然在工程中一般不会将MySQL服务放在容器中运行，而是会单独使用服务器部署提供服务（搭建高可用集群架构），本文主要是提供基于Dockerfile构建编写这些服务的案例。
需要注意两点：在Dockerfile中什么时候使用tar命令；权限问题
谢谢阅读！
