Java图文详解之实现图书管理系统

本篇文章给大家带来了关于java的相关知识，其中主要介绍了关于怎么实现图书管理系统的相关问题，包括了查找图书、添加图书、删除图书、借阅图书等等内容，下面一起来看一下，希望对大家有帮助。

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一. 功能介绍

1.1 使用介绍

1.输入姓名

2.选择身份

3.根据身份打印不同功能菜单

1.2 基本框架

二、具体思路

book（包）

operation（功能包）

user（使用者包）

三、代码实现

book（包）

Book（书类）

package book;/**  * User: gu'jiu  * Date: 2022-05-18  * Time: 14:45  * Description:书  */public class Book {     private String name;//书名     private String author;//作者     private double price;//价格     private String type;//类型     private boolean state;//书的状态（已借出or未借出）      	//对书进行初始化，书的状态不用进行初始化（默认未借出）     public Book(String name, String author, double price, String type) {         this.name = name;         this.author = author;         this.price = price;         this.type = type;         this.state = state;     }      public String getName() {         return name;     }      public void setName(String name) {         this.name = name;     }      public String getAuthor() {         return author;     }      public void setAuthor(String author) {         this.author = author;     }      public double getPrice() {         return price;     }      public void setPrice(double price) {         this.price = price;     }      public String getType() {         return type;     }      public void setType(String type) {         this.type = type;     }      public boolean isState() {         return state;     }      public void setState(boolean state) {         this.state = state;     }      @Override     public String toString() {         return "[" +                 "name='" + name + ''' +                 ", author='" + author + ''' +                 ", price=" + price +                 ", type='" + type + ''' +                 ", " + (state == true ? "已借出" : "未借出") +                 ']';     }}

BookList（书架类）

package book;/**  * User: gu'jiu  * Date: 2022-05-18  * Time: 14:52  * Description:书架  */public class BookList {     private Book[] books = new Book[10];     private int usedSize;      public BookList() {         books[0] = new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",19.9,"小说");         books[1] = new Book("西游记","吴承恩",29.9,"小说");         books[2] = new Book("红楼梦","曹雪芹",26.9,"小说");         usedSize = 3;     }      public Book getBooks(int pos) {//输入下标获取该下标的这本书         return books[pos];     }      public void setBooks(int pos, Book book) {//输入下标和一本书，在该下标放入一本书         this.books[pos] = book;     }      public int getUsedSize() {         return usedSize;     }      public void setUsedSize(int usedSize) {         this.usedSize = usedSize;     }}

operation（功能包）

IOperation（功能接口）

package operation;import book.BookList;/**  * User: gu'jiu  * Date: 2022-05-18  * Time: 15:07  * Description:接口  */public interface IOperation {     void work(BookList bookList);}

FindOperation（查找图书）

package operation;import book.Book;import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;/**  * User: gu'jiu  * Date: 2022-05-18  * Time: 15:09  * Description:查找书籍信息  */public class FindOperation implements IOperation{     @Override     public void work(BookList bookList) {         System.out.println();         System.out.println("查找图书");         System.out.println("------------------------");         Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);         System.out.print("请输入书的名称:");         String name = scanner.nextLine();          //获取书架中图书数量         int size = bookList.getUsedSize();         //根据名字查找         for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {             Book book = bookList.getBooks(i);             if (book.getName().equals(name)) {                 System.out.println(book);                 return;             }         }         System.out.println("未找到该书。");     }}

AddOperation（添加图书）

package operation;import book.Book;import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;/**  * User: gu'jiu  * Date: 2022-05-18  * Time: 15:04  * Description:新增书籍  */public class AddOperation implements IOperation{     @Override     public void work(BookList bookList) {         System.out.println();         System.out.println("添加图书");         System.out.println("------------------------");         Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);         System.out.print("请输入书名:");         String name = scanner.nextLine();         System.out.print("请输入作者:");         String author = scanner.nextLine();         System.out.print("请输入书的类型:");         String type = scanner.nextLine();         System.out.print("请输入价格:");         double price = scanner.nextDouble();          Book book = new Book(name, author, price, type);         bookList.setBooks(bookList.getUsedSize(), book);//将书放入书架          bookList.setUsedSize(bookList.getUsedSize()+1);//书籍数量+1     }}

DelOperation（删除图书）

package operation;import book.Book;import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;/**  * User: gu'jiu  * Date: 2022-05-18  * Time: 15:05  * Description:删除书籍  */public class DelOperation implements IOperation{     @Override     public void work(BookList bookList) {         System.out.println();         System.out.println("删除图书");         System.out.println("------------------------");         Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);         System.out.print("请输入要删除的书名:");         String name = scanner.nextLine();          //获取书架中现在有几本书         int size = bookList.getUsedSize();         int i = 0;         //根据书名找到这个本书的下标         for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {             Book book = bookList.getBooks(i);             if (book.getName().equals(name)) {                 break;             }         }         if (i == size) {             System.out.println("删除失败，未找到该书。");             return;         }         //通过前移将书删除         for (i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {             bookList.setBooks(i,bookList.getBooks(i + 1));         }         bookList.setUsedSize(bookList.getUsedSize()-1);//书架中图书数量-1         System.out.println("删除成功。");     }}

BorrowOperation（借阅图书）

package operation;import book.Book;import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;/**  * User: gu'jiu  * Date: 2022-05-18  * Time: 15:05  * Description:借阅书籍  */public class BorrowOperation implements IOperation{     @Override     public void work(BookList bookList) {         System.out.println();         System.out.println("借阅图书");         System.out.println("------------------------");         Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);         System.out.print("请输入要借书的名称:");         String name = scanner.nextLine();          //获取书架中现在有几本书         int size = bookList.getUsedSize();         for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {             Book book = bookList.getBooks(i);             //判断在书架中是否有这本书             if (book.getName().equals(name)) {                 //判断书是否被借走                 if (!book.isState()) {                     System.out.println("借阅成功！");                     book.setState(true);//将书的状态改为已借出                     return;                 } else {                     System.out.println("借阅失败，该书已被别人借走。");                     return;                 }             }         }         System.out.println("借阅失败，未找到该书。");     }}

ReturnOperation（归还图书）

package operation;import book.Book;import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;/**  * User: gu'jiu  * Date: 2022-05-18  * Time: 15:10  * Description:归还书籍  */public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation{     @Override     public void work(BookList bookList) {         System.out.println();         System.out.println("归还图书");         System.out.println("------------------------");         Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);         System.out.print("请输入要还书的名称:");         String name = scanner.nextLine();          //获取书架中现在有几本书         int size = bookList.getUsedSize();         for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {             Book book = bookList.getBooks(i);             //判断在书架中是否有这本书             if (book.getName().equals(name)) {                 //判断书是否已被借走                 if (book.isState()) {                     System.out.println("归还成功！");                     book.setState(false);//将书的状态改为未借出                     return;                 } else {                     System.out.println("归还失败，该书已还未被借走。");                     return;                 }             }         }         System.out.println("归还失败，未找到该书。");     }}

DisplayOperation（打印图书信息）

package operation;import book.Book;import book.BookList;/**  * User: gu'jiu  * Date: 2022-05-18  * Time: 15:06  * Description:打印全部书籍信息  */public class DisplayOperation implements IOperation{     @Override     public void work(BookList bookList) {         System.out.println();         System.out.println("显示全部图书");         System.out.println("------------------------");         int size = bookList.getUsedSize();         for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {             Book book = bookList.getBooks(i);             System.out.println(book);         }     }}

ExitOperation（退出系统）

import book.BookList;/**  * User: gu'jiu  * Date: 2022-05-18  * Time: 15:08  * Description:退出系统  */public class ExitOperation implements IOperation{     @Override     public void work(BookList bookList) {         System.out.println();         System.out.println("退出系统。");         System.out.println("------------------------");         System.exit(0);     }}

user（使用者包）

User（使用者抽象类）

package user;import book.BookList;import operation.IOperation;/**  * User: gu'jiu  * Date: 2022-05-18  * Time: 15:11  * Description:使用者  */abstract public class User {     protected String userName;//使用者姓名     protected IOperation[] iOperations;//功能数组      public User(String userName) {         this.userName = userName;     }      public abstract int menu();          //输入选择，调用不同的功能     public void doOperation(int choice, BookList bookList) {         this.iOperations[choice].work(bookList);//动态绑定     }}

AdminUser（管理员）

package user;import operation.*;import java.util.Scanner;/**  * User: gu'jiu  * Date: 2022-05-18  * Time: 15:13  * Description:管理员  */public class AdminUser extends User{     public AdminUser(String userName) {         super(userName);         //管理员功能         this.iOperations = new IOperation[] {                 new ExitOperation(),                 new FindOperation(),                 new AddOperation(),                 new DelOperation(),                 new DisplayOperation()         };     }      @Override     public int menu() {         System.out.println();         System.out.println("hello " + this.userName + " 欢迎来到图书馆");         while(true) {             System.out.println("------------------------");             System.out.println("1.查找图书");             System.out.println("2.新增图书");             System.out.println("3.删除图书");             System.out.println("4.显示全部图书");             System.out.println("0.退出系统");             System.out.println("------------------------");             System.out.print("请输入你的操作:");             Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);             int choice = scanner.nextInt();             //保证输入数字有效             if (choice > 4 || choice < 0) {                 System.out.println("输入有误请重新输入。");             } else {                 return choice;             }         }     }}

NormalUser（普通用户）

package user;import operation.*;import java.util.Scanner;/**  * User: gu'jiu  * Date: 2022-05-18  * Time: 15:13  * Description:学生  */public class NormalUser extends User{     public NormalUser (String userName) {         super(userName);         //用户功能         this.iOperations = new IOperation[] {                 new ExitOperation(),                 new FindOperation(),                 new BorrowOperation(),                 new ReturnOperation(),         };     }      @Override     public int menu() {         System.out.println();         System.out.println("hello "+this.userName+" 欢迎来到图书馆");         while(true) {             System.out.println("------------------------");             System.out.println("1.查找图书");             System.out.println("2.借阅图书");             System.out.println("3.归还图书");             System.out.println("0.退出系统");             System.out.println("------------------------");             System.out.print("请输入你的操作:");             Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);             int choice = scanner.nextInt();             //保证输入数字有效             if (choice > 3 || choice < 0) {                 System.out.println("输入有误请重新输入。");             } else {                 return choice;             }         }     }}

Test类

import book.BookList;import user.AdminUser;import user.NormalUser;import user.User;import java.util.Scanner;/**  * User: gu'jiu  * Date: 2022-05-18  * Time: 15:20  * Description:图书管理系统  */public class Test {     public static User login() {         System.out.println("欢迎使用图书管理系统");         Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);         System.out.print("请输入您的姓名:");         String name = scanner.nextLine();          while(true){             System.out.println("-----------------------------");             System.out.println("请选择您的身份:1>管理员 2>普通用户");              System.out.print("请输入：");             int choice = scanner.nextInt();              //保证输入数字有效             if (choice == 1) {                 return new AdminUser(name);             } else if (choice == 2) {                 return new NormalUser(name);             } else {                 System.out.println("输入有误，请重新输入。");             }         }     }     public static void main(String[] args) {         BookList bookList = new BookList();         User user = login();//向上转型          while(true){             int choice = user.menu();             user.doOperation(choice, bookList);         }     }}

四、部分代码（doOperation）解释

主函数中的user.doOperation(choice, bookList);中的doOperation方法比较难理解，我们来解释一下

1.user.引用的可能是两个对象

2.在实例化这对象的时候，在构造方法中，我们已经将iOperations[]准备好了。

3.根据输入下标（例如：2）访问相应对象，再调用work方法。

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