NIO
有一个主要的类Selector,这个类似一个观察者,只要我们把需要探知的socketchannel告诉Selector,我们接着做别的事情,当有
事件发生时,他会通知我们,传回一组SelectionKey,我们读取这些Key,就会获得我们刚刚注册过的socketchannel,然后,我们从
这个Channel中读取数据,放心,包准能够读到,接着我们可以处理这些数据。
NIO主要原理和适用
NIO 有一个主要的类Selector,这个类似一个观察者,只要我们把需要探知的socketchannel告诉Selector,我们接着做别的事情,当有
事件发生时,他会通知我们,传回一组SelectionKey,我们读取这些Key,就会获得我们刚刚注册过的socketchannel,然后,我们从
这个Channel中读取数据,放心,包准能够读到,接着我们可以处理这些数据。
Selector内部原理实际是在做一个对所注册的channel的轮询访问,不断的轮询(目前就这一个算法),一旦轮询到一个channel有所注册的事情发生,比如数据来了,他就会站起来报告,交出一把钥匙,让我们通过这把钥匙来读取这个channel的内容。
jdk供的无阻塞I/O(NIO)有效解决了多线程服务器存在的线程开销问题,但在使用上略显得复杂一些。在NIO中使用多线程,主要目的已不是为了应对
每个客户端请求而分配独立的服务线程,而是通过多线程充分使用用多个CPU的处理能力和处理中的等待时间,达到提高服务能力的目的。
这段时间在研究NIO,写篇博客来记住学过的东西。还是从最简单的Hello
World开始,client多线程请求server端,server接收client的名字,并返回Hello!
+名字的字符格式给client。当然实际应用并不这么简单,实际可能是访问文件或者数据库获取信息返回给client。非阻塞的NIO有何神秘之处?
代 码:
1)server端代码
- public class HelloWorldServer {
- static int BLOCK = 1024;
- static String name = “”;
- protected Selector selector;
- protected ByteBuffer clientBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(BLOCK);
- protected CharsetDecoder decoder;
- static CharsetEncoder encoder = Charset.forName(“GB2312”).newEncoder();
- public HelloWorldServer(int port) throws IOException {
- selector = this.getSelector(port);
- Charset charset = Charset.forName(“GB2312”);
- decoder = charset.newDecoder();
- }
- // 获取Selector
- protected Selector getSelector(int port) throws IOException {
- ServerSocketChannel server = ServerSocketChannel.open();
- Selector sel = Selector.open();
- server.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));
- server.configureBlocking(false);
- server.register(sel, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
- return sel;
- }
- // 监听端口
- public void listen() {
- try {
- for (;;) {
- selector.select();
- Iterator iter = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
- while (iter.hasNext()) {
- SelectionKey key = (SelectionKey) iter.next();
- iter.remove();
- process(key);
- }
- }
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- // 处理事件
- protected void process(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
- if (key.isAcceptable()) { // 接收请求
- ServerSocketChannel server = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();
- SocketChannel channel = server.accept();
- //设置非阻塞模式
- channel.configureBlocking(false);
- channel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
- } else if (key.isReadable()) { // 读信息
- SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
- int count = channel.read(clientBuffer);
- if (count > 0) {
- clientBuffer.flip();
- CharBuffer charBuffer = decoder.decode(clientBuffer);
- name = charBuffer.toString();
- // System.out.println(name);
- SelectionKey sKey = channel.register(selector,
- SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
- sKey.attach(name);
- } else {
- channel.close();
- }
- clientBuffer.clear();
- } else if (key.isWritable()) { // 写事件
- SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
- String name = (String) key.attachment();
- ByteBuffer block = encoder.encode(CharBuffer
- .wrap(“Hello !” + name));
- channel.write(block);
- //channel.close();
- }
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- int port = 8888;
- try {
- HelloWorldServer server = new HelloWorldServer(port);
- System.out.println(“listening on “ + port);
- server.listen();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
2)client端代码
- public class HelloWorldClient {
- static int SIZE = 10;
- static InetSocketAddress ip = new InetSocketAddress(“localhost”, 8888);
- static CharsetEncoder encoder = Charset.forName(“GB2312”).newEncoder();
- static class Message implements Runnable {
- protected String name;
- String msg = “”;
- public Message(String index) {
- this.name = index;
- }
- public void run() {
- try {
- long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
- //打开Socket通道
- SocketChannel client = SocketChannel.open();
- //设置为非阻塞模式
- client.configureBlocking(false);
- //打开选择器
- Selector selector = Selector.open();
- //注册连接服务端socket动作
- client.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT);
- //连接
- client.connect(ip);
- //分配内存
- ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(8 * 1024);
- int total = 0;
- _FOR: for (;;) {
- selector.select();
- Iterator iter = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
- while (iter.hasNext()) {
- SelectionKey key = (SelectionKey) iter.next();
- iter.remove();
- if (key.isConnectable()) {
- SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key
- .channel();
- if (channel.isConnectionPending())
- channel.finishConnect();
- channel
- .write(encoder
- .encode(CharBuffer.wrap(name)));
- channel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
- } else if (key.isReadable()) {
- SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key
- .channel();
- int count = channel.read(buffer);
- if (count > 0) {
- total += count;
- buffer.flip();
- while (buffer.remaining() > 0) {
- byte b = buffer.get();
- msg += (char) b;
- }
- buffer.clear();
- } else {
- client.close();
- break _FOR;
- }
- }
- }
- }
- double last = (System.currentTimeMillis() – start) * 1.0 / 1000;
- System.out.println(msg + “used time :” + last + “s.”);
- msg = “”;
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
- String names[] = new String[SIZE];
- for (int index = 0; index < SIZE; index++) {
- names[index] = “jeff[“ + index + “]”;
- new Thread(new Message(names[index])).start();
- }
- }
- }