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C字符串函数总汇解析

 

  函数名: stpcpy

  功 能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个

  用 法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source);

  程序例:

  #include

  #include

  int main(void)

  {

  char string[10];

  char *str1 = “abcdefghi”;

  stpcpy(string, str1);

  printf(“%sn”, string);

  return 0;

  }

 

  函数名: strcat

  功 能: 字符串拼接函数

  用 法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source);

  程序例:

  #include

  #include

  int main(void)

  {

  char destination[25];

  char *blank = ” “, *c = “C++”, *Borland = “Borland”;

  strcpy(destination, Borland);

  strcat(destination, blank);

  strcat(destination, c);

  printf(“%sn”, destination);

  return 0;

  }

 

  函数名: strchr

  功 能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处

  用 法: char *strchr(char *str, char c);

  程序例:

  #include

  #include

  int main(void)

  {

  char string[15];

  char *ptr, c = ‘r’;

  strcpy(string, “This is a string”);

  ptr = strchr(string, c);

  if (ptr)

  printf(“The character %c is at position: %dn”, c, ptr-string);

  else

  printf(“The character was not foundn”);

  return 0;

  }

 

  函数名: strcmp

  功 能: 串比较

  用 法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2);

  看Asic码,str1>str2,返回值 > 0;两串相等,返回0

  程序例:

  #include

  #include

  int main(void)

  {

  char *buf1 = “aaa”, *buf2 = “bbb”, *buf3 = “ccc”;

  int ptr;

  ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1);

  if (ptr > 0)

  printf(“buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n”);

  else

  printf(“buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n”);

  ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3);

  if (ptr > 0)

  printf(“buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3n”);

  else

  printf(“buffer 2 is less than buffer 3n”);

  return 0;

  }

 

  函数名: strncmpi

  功 能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 不管大小写

  用 法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);

  程序例:

  #include

  #include

  int main(void)

  {

  char *buf1 = “BBB”, *buf2 = “bbb”;

  int ptr;

  ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1);

  if (ptr > 0)

  printf(“buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n”);

  if (ptr < 0)

  printf(“buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n”);

  if (ptr == 0)

  printf(“buffer 2 equals buffer 1n”);

  return 0;

  }

 

  函数名: strcpy

  功 能: 串拷贝

  用 法: char *strcpy(char *str1, char *str2);

  程序例:

  #include

  #include

  int main(void)

  {

  char string[10];

  char *str1 = “abcdefghi”;

  strcpy(string, str1);

  printf(“%sn”, string);

  return 0;

  }

 

  函数名: strcspn

  功 能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段

  用 法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2);

  程序例:

  #include

  #include

  #include

  int main(void)

  {

  char *string1 = “1234567890”;

  char *string2 = “747DC8”;

  int length;

  length = strcspn(string1, string2);

  printf(“Character where strings intersect is at position %dn”, length);

  return 0;

  }

 

  函数名: strdup

  功 能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处

  用 法: char *strdup(char *str);

  程序例:

  #include

  #include

  #include

  int main(void)

  {

  char *dup_str, *string = “abcde”;

  dup_str = strdup(string);

  printf(“%sn”, dup_str);

  free(dup_str);

  return 0;

  }

 

  函数名: stricmp

  功 能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串

  用 法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2);

  程序例:

  #include

  #include

  int main(void)

  {

  char *buf1 = “BBB”, *buf2 = “bbb”;

  int ptr;

  ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1);

  if (ptr > 0)

  printf(“buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n”);

  if (ptr < 0)

  printf(“buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n”);

  if (ptr == 0)

  printf(“buffer 2 equals buffer 1n”);

  return 0;

  }

 

  函数名: strerror

  功 能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针

  用 法: char *strerror(int errnum);

  程序例:

  #include

  #include

  int main(void)

  {

  char *buffer;

  buffer = strerror(errno);

  printf(“Error: %sn”, buffer);

  return 0;

  }

 

  函数名: strcmpi

  功 能: 将一个串与另一个比较, 不管大小写

  用 法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2);

  程序例:

  #include

  #include

  int main(void)

  {

  char *buf1 = “BBB”, *buf2 = “bbb”;

  int ptr;

  ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1);

  if (ptr > 0)

  printf(“buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n”);

  if (ptr < 0)

  printf(“buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n”);

  if (ptr == 0)

  printf(“buffer 2 equals buffer 1n”);

  return 0;

  }

 

  函数名: strncmp

  功 能: 串比较

  用 法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int maxlen);

  程序例:

  #include

  #include

  int main(void)

  {

  char *buf1 = “aaabbb”, *buf2 = “bbbccc”, *buf3 = “ccc”;

  int ptr;

  ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3);

  if (ptr > 0)

  printf(“buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n”);

  else

  printf(“buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n”);

  ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3);

  if (ptr > 0)

  printf(“buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3n”);

  else

  printf(“buffer 2 is less than buffer 3n”);

  return(0);

  }

 

  函数名: strncmpi

  功 能: 把串中的一部分与另一串中的一部分比较, 不管大小写

  用 法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2);

  程序例:

  #include

  #include

  int main(void)

  {

  char *buf1 = “BBBccc”, *buf2 = “bbbccc”;

  int ptr;

  ptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3);

  if (ptr > 0)

  printf(“buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n”);

  if (ptr < 0)

  printf(“buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n”);

  if (ptr == 0)

  printf(“buffer 2 equals buffer 1n”);

  return 0;

  }

 

  函数名: strncpy

  功 能: 串拷贝

  用 法: char *strncpy(char *destin, char *source, int maxlen);

  程序例:

  #include

  #include

  int main(void)

  {

  char string[10];

  char *str1 = “abcdefghi”;

  strncpy(string, str1, 3);

  string[3] = ”;

  printf(“%sn”, string);

  return 0;

  }

 

  函数名: strnicmp

  功 能: 不注重大小写地比较两个串

  用 法: int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);

  程序例:

  #include

  #include

  int main(void)

  {

  char *buf1 = “BBBccc”, *buf2 = “bbbccc”;

  int ptr;

  ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3);

  if (ptr > 0)

  printf(“buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n”);

  if (ptr < 0)

  printf(“buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n”);

  if (ptr == 0)

  printf(“buffer 2 equals buffer 1n”);

  return 0;

  }

 

  函数名: strnset

  功 能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符

  用 法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch, unsigned n);

  程序例:

  #include

  #include

  int main(void)

  {

  char *string = “abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz”;

  char letter = ‘x’;

  printf(“string before strnset: %sn”, string);

  strnset(string, letter, 13);

  printf(“string after strnset: %sn”, string);

  return 0;

  }

 

  函数名: strpbrk

  功 能: 在串中查找给定字符集中的字符

  用 法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2);

  程序例:

  #include

  #include

  int main(void)

  {

  char *string1 = “abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz”;

  char *string2 = “onm”;

  char *ptr;

  ptr = strpbrk(string1, string2);

  if (ptr)

  printf(“strpbrk found first character: %cn”, *ptr);

  else

  printf(“strpbrk didn’t find character in setn”);

  return 0;

  }

 

  函数名: strrchr

  功 能: 在串中查找指定字符的最后一个出现

  用 法: char *strrchr(char *str, char c);

  程序例:

  #include

  #include

  int main(void)

  {

  char string[15];

  char *ptr, c = ‘r’;

  strcpy(string, “This is a string”);

  ptr = strrchr(string, c);

  if (ptr)

  printf(“The character %c is at position: %dn”, c, ptr-string);

  else

  printf(“The character was not foundn”);

  return 0;

  }

 

  函数名: strrev

  功 能: 串倒转

  用 法: char *strrev(char *str);

  程序例:

  #include

  #include

  int main(void)

  {

  char *forward = “string”;

  printf(“Before strrev(): %sn”, forward);

  strrev(forward);

  printf(“After strrev(): %sn”, forward);

  return 0;

  }

 

  函数名: strset

  功 能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符

  用 法: char *strset(char *str, char c);

  程序例:

  #include

  #include

  int main(void)

  {

  char string[10] = “123456789”;

  char symbol = ‘c’;

  printf(“Before strset(): %sn”, string);

  strset(string, symbol);

  printf(“After strset(): %sn”, string);

  return 0;

  }

 

  函数名: strspn

  功 能: 在串中查找指定字符集的子集的第一次出现

  用 法: int strspn(char *str1, char *str2);

  程序例:

  #include

  #include

  #include

  int main(void)

  {

  char *string1 = “1234567890”;

  char *string2 = “123DC8”;

  int length;

  length = strspn(string1, string2);

  printf(“Character where strings differ is at position %dn”, length);

  return 0;

  }

 

  函数名: strstr

  功 能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现

  用 法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2);

  程序例:

  #include

  #include

  int main(void)

  {

  char *str1 = “Borland International”, *str2 = “nation”, *ptr;

  ptr = strstr(str1, str2);

  printf(“The substring is: %sn”, ptr);

  return 0;

  }

 

  函数名: strtod

  功 能: 将字符串转换为double型值

  用 法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr);

  程序例:

  #include

  #include

  int main(void)

  {

  char input[80], *endptr;

  double value;

  printf(“Enter a floating point number:”);

  gets(input);

  value = strtod(input, &endptr);

  printf(“The string is %s the number is %lfn”, input, value);

  return 0;

  }

 

  函数名: strtok

  功 能: 查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词

  用 法: char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2);

  程序例:

  #include

  #include

  int main(void)

  {

  char input[16] = “abc,d”;

  char *p;

  /* strtok places a NULL terminator

  in front of the token, if found */

  p = strtok(input, “,”);

  if (p) printf(“%sn”, p);

  /* A second call to strtok using a NULL

  as the first parameter returns a pointer

  to the character following the token */

  p = strtok(NULL, “,”);

  if (p) printf(“%sn”, p);

  return 0;

  }

 

  函数名: strtol

  功 能: 将串转换为长整数

  用 法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base);

  程序例:

  #include

  #include

  int main(void)

  {

  char *string = “87654321”, *endptr;

  long lnumber;

  /* strtol converts string to long integer */

  lnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10);

  printf(“string = %s long = %ldn”, string, lnumber);

  return 0;

  }

 

  函数名: strupr

  功 能: 将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母

  用 法: char *strupr(char *str);

  程序例:

  #include

  #include

  int main(void)

  {

  char *string = “abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz”, *ptr;

  /* converts string to upper case characters */

  ptr = strupr(string);

  printf(“%sn”, ptr);

  return 0;

  }

 

  函数名: swab

  功 能: 交换字节

  用 法: void swab (char *from, char *to, int nbytes);

  程序例:

  #include

  #include

  #include

  char source[15] = “rFna koBlrna d”;

  char target[15];

  int main(void)

  {

  swab(source, target, strlen(source));

  printf(“This is target: %sn”, target);

  return 0;

  }

 

  PS:isalpha()是字符函数,不是字符串函数,

  isalpha

  原型:extern int isalpha(int c);

  用法:#include

  功能:判断字符c是否为英文字母

  说明:当c为英文字母a-z或A-Z时,返回非零值,否则返回零。

  举例:

  // isalpha.c

  #include

  #include

  #include

  main()

  {

  int c;

  clrscr(); // clear screen

  printf(“Press a key”);

  for(;;)

  {

  c=getchar();

  clrscr();

  printf(“%c: %s letter”,c,isalpha(c)?”is”:”not”);

  }

  return 0; // just to avoid warnings by compiler

  }

 

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