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深入浅析ES6中的Proxy(代理)

深入浅析ES6中的Proxy(代理)

创建一个简单的Proxy

let target = {} let proxy = new Proxy(target, {})  proxy.name = 'proxy'  console.log(proxy.name) // proxy console.log(target.name) // proxy  target.name = 'target'  console.log(proxy.name) // target console.log(target.name) // target

这个实例将"proxy"赋值给proxy.name属性时会在目标上创建name,代理只是简单的将操作转发给目标,他不会储存这个属性。相当于proxy.name和target.name引用的都是target.name的值。

使用set陷阱验证属性

set陷阱接收四个参数:

1.trapTarget:用于接收属性(代理的目标)的对象

2.key:要写入的属性键(字符串或者symbol)

3.value:被写入的属性值

4.receiver:操作发生的对象(通常是代理)

let target = {     name: "target" }  let proxy = new Proxy(target, {     set(trapTarget, key, value, receiver) {         if (!trapTarget.hasOwnProperty(key)) {             if (isNaN(value)) {                 throw new TypeError("属性必须时数字")             }         }          return Reflect.set(trapTarget, key, value, receiver)     } })  proxy.count = 1 console.log(proxy.count) //1 console.log(target.count) //1  proxy.name = "proxy"  console.log(proxy.name) //proxy console.log(target.name) //proxy  proxy.other = "other" // 这里会报错因为不数字

这个实例每次在外面改变proxy的值时就会出发set函数。

用get陷阱验证对象结构

get接收3个参数

1.trapTarget:用于接收属性(代理的目标)的对象

2.key:要写入的属性键(字符串或者symbol)

3.receiver:操作发生的对象(通常是代理)

let proxy = new Proxy({}, {     get(trapTarget, key, receiver) {         if (!(key in receiver)) {             throw new TypeError("属性" + key + "不存在")         }          return Reflect.get(trapTarget, key, receiver)     } })  proxy.name = "proxy"  console.log(proxy.name) //proxy  console.log(proxy.age) // 属性不存在会抛出错误

当我们访问proxy创建的对象属性时就会触发get方法

使用has陷阱因此已有属性

has接收2个参数:

1.trapTarget:用于接收属性(代理的目标)的对象

2.key:要写入的属性键(字符串或者symbol)

let target = {     name: "target",     value: 42 }  let proxy = new Proxy(target, {     has(trapTarget, key) {         if (key === 'value') {             return false         } else {             return Reflect.has(trapTarget, key)         }     } })   console.log("value" in proxy) // false console.log("name" in proxy) // true console.log("toString" in proxy) // true

用deleteProperty陷阱防止删除属性

deleteProperty接收2个参数:

1.trapTarget:用于接收属性(代理的目标)的对象

2.key:要写入的属性键(字符串或者symbol)

let target = {     name: "target",     value: 42 }  let proxy = new Proxy(traget, {     deleteProperty(trapTarget, key) {         if (key === "value") {             return false         } else {             return Reflect.deleteProperty(trapTarget, key)         }     } })   console.log("value" in proxy) // true  let result1 = delete proxy.value  console.log(result1) // false console.log("value" in proxy) // true  console.log("name" in proxy) // true  let result2 = delete proxy.name console.log(result2) // true console.log("name" in proxy) // false

当外部要删除proxy的属性就会触发deleteProperty函数

原型代理陷阱(setProptotypeOf,getPrototypeOf)

setProptotypeOf接收2个参数

1.trapTarget:用于接收属性(代理的目标)的对象

2.proto:作为原型使用的对象

let target = {}  let proxy = new Proxy(target, {      // 访问时调用     getPrototypeOf(trapTarget) {         return null     },     // 改变时调用     setPrototypeOf(trapTarget, proto) {         return false     }  })  let targetProto = Object.getPrototypeOf(target) let proxyProto = Object.getPrototypeOf(proxy)  console.log(targetProto === Object.prototype) //true console.log(proxyProto === Object.prototype) // false console.log(proxyProto) // null  Object.setPrototypeOf(target, {}) // 成功  Object.setPrototypeOf(proxy, {}) // 抛出错误

如果正常实现

let target = {}  let proxy = new Proxy(target, {      // 访问时调用     getPrototypeOf(trapTarget) {         return Reflect.getPrototypeOf(trapTarget)     },     // 改变时调用     setPrototypeOf(trapTarget, proto) {         return Reflect.setPrototypeOf(trapTarget, proto)     }  })  let targetProto = Object.getPrototypeOf(target) let proxyProto = Object.getPrototypeOf(proxy)  console.log(targetProto === Object.prototype) //true console.log(proxyProto === Object.prototype) // true  Object.setPrototypeOf(target, {}) // 成功  Object.setPrototypeOf(proxy, {}) // 成功

属性描述符陷阱

defineProperty接收三个参数:

1.trapTarget:用于接收属性(代理的目标)的对象

2.key:要写入的属性键(字符串或者symbol)

3.descriptor:属性的描述对象

let proxy = new Proxy({}, {     defineProperty(trapTarget, key, descriptor) { // descriptor 只能接收enumerable, configurable, value, writeable, get, set          if (typeof key === "symbol") {             return false         }         return Reflect.defineProperty(trapTarget, key, descriptor)     },     getOwnPropertyDescriptor(trapTarget, key) {         return Reflect.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(trapTarget, key)     } })  Object.defineProperty(proxy, "name", {     value: "proxy" })  console.log(proxy.name) //proxy  let nameSymbol = Symbol("name")  Object.defineProperty(proxy, nameSymbol, {     value: "proxy" })

在外部调用defineProperty | getOwnPropertyDescriptor时会触发内部definenProperty | getOwnPropertyDescriptor方法。

ownKeys陷阱

ownKeys陷阱会拦截外部的Object.keys(),Object.getOwnPropertyName(),Object.getOwnPropertySymbols()和Object.assign()四个方法

let proxy = new Proxy({}, {     ownKeys(trapTarget) {         return Reflect.ownKeys(trapTarget).filter(key => {             return typeof key !== "string" || key[0] !== '_'         })     } })  let nameSymbol = Symbol("name")  proxy.name = "proxy"  proxy._name = "private"  proxy[nameSymbol] = "symbol"  let names = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(proxy),     keys = Object.keys(proxy),     symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(proxy)  console.log(names.length) // 1 console.log(names) // name  console.log(keys.length) //1 console.log(keys[0]) // name  console.log(symbols.length) //1 console.log(symbols[0]) // symbol(name)

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