目前,关于vue中使用axios的作为前端和后端接口交互工具的用法文章,网络某博客上数不胜数。因为项目从0到1开始需要基于vite+vue3.0+ts中封装axios,所以今天让小编来给大家安排axios整合vite+vue3.0+ts的具体封装步骤。记录一下自己封装步骤,跟着我的步伐,撸起来。。。(学习视频分享:vue视频教程)
以下内容均基于下方视频完结后的扩展:
2021最新最详细的Vite+vue3+Volar+Ts+Element-plus框架学习项目视频
1、安装axios
npm i axios
注意:这里的安装命令就是默认安装最新版本的axios
2、封装请求错误代码提示error-code-type.ts
- 代码如下:
export const errorCodeType = function(code:string):string{ let errMessage:string = "未知错误" switch (code) { case 400: errMessage = '错误的请求' break case 401: errMessage = '未授权,请重新登录' break case 403: errMessage = '拒绝访问' break case 404: errMessage = '请求错误,未找到该资源' break case 405: errMessage = '请求方法未允许' break case 408: errMessage = '请求超时' break case 500: errMessage = '服务器端出错' break case 501: errMessage = '网络未实现' break case 502: errMessage = '网络错误' break case 503: errMessage = '服务不可用' break case 504: errMessage = '网络超时' break case 505: errMessage = 'http版本不支持该请求' break default: errMessage = `其他连接错误 --${code}` } return errMessage }
3、封装request.ts
这里用到的element-plus大家可以参考其官网安装即可,传送门:
element-plus官网
安装命令: npm install element-plus --save
- 代码如下:
import axios from 'axios'; import { errorCodeType } from '@/script/utils/error-code-type'; import { ElMessage, ElLoading } from 'element-plus'; // 创建axios实例 const service = axios.create({ // 服务接口请求 baseURL: import.meta.env.VITE_APP_BASE_API, // 超时设置 // timeout: 15000, headers:{'Content-Type':'application/json;charset=utf-8'} }) let loading:any; //正在请求的数量 let requestCount:number = 0 //显示loading const showLoading = () => { if (requestCount === 0 && !loading) { //加载中显示样式可以自行修改 loading = ElLoading.service({ text: "拼命加载中,请稍后...", background: 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7)', spinner: 'el-icon-loading', }) } requestCount++; } //隐藏loading const hideLoading = () => { requestCount-- if (requestCount == 0) { loading.close() } } // 请求拦截 service.interceptors.request.use(config => { showLoading() // 是否需要设置 token放在请求头 // config.headers['Authorization'] = 'Bearer ' + getToken() // 让每个请求携带自定义token 请根据实际情况自行修改 // get请求映射params参数 if (config.method === 'get' && config.params) { let url = config.url + '?'; for (const propName of Object.keys(config.params)) { const value = config.params[propName]; var part = encodeURIComponent(propName) + "="; if (value !== null && typeof(value) !== "undefined") { // 对象处理 if (typeof value === 'object') { for (const key of Object.keys(value)) { let params = propName + '[' + key + ']'; var subPart = encodeURIComponent(params) + "="; url += subPart + encodeURIComponent(value[key]) + "&"; } } else { url += part + encodeURIComponent(value) + "&"; } } } url = url.slice(0, -1); config.params = {}; config.url = url; } return config }, error => { console.log(error) Promise.reject(error) }) // 响应拦截器 service.interceptors.response.use((res:any) => { hideLoading() // 未设置状态码则默认成功状态 const code = res.data['code'] || 200; // 获取错误信息 const msg = errorCodeType(code) || res.data['msg'] || errorCodeType('default') if(code === 200){ return Promise.resolve(res.data) }else{ ElMessage.error(msg) return Promise.reject(res.data) } }, error => { console.log('err' + error) hideLoading() let { message } = error; if (message == "Network Error") { message = "后端接口连接异常"; } else if (message.includes("timeout")) { message = "系统接口请求超时"; } else if (message.includes("Request failed with status code")) { message = "系统接口" + message.substr(message.length - 3) + "异常"; } ElMessage.error({ message: message, duration: 5 * 1000 }) return Promise.reject(error) } ) export default service;
4、自动导入vue3相关函数(auto-imports.d.ts)
- auto-imports.d.ts放在src目录下
- 注意:需要安装yarn add unplugin-auto-import或者npm i unplugin-auto-import -D
- 安装完重启项目
- 代码如下:
declare global { const computed: typeof import('vue')['computed'] const createApp: typeof import('vue')['createApp'] const customRef: typeof import('vue')['customRef'] const defineAsyncComponent: typeof import('vue')['defineAsyncComponent'] const defineComponent: typeof import('vue')['defineComponent'] const effectScope: typeof import('vue')['effectScope'] const EffectScope: typeof import('vue')['EffectScope'] const getCurrentInstance: typeof import('vue')['getCurrentInstance'] const getCurrentScope: typeof import('vue')['getCurrentScope'] const h: typeof import('vue')['h'] const inject: typeof import('vue')['inject'] const isReadonly: typeof import('vue')['isReadonly'] const isRef: typeof import('vue')['isRef'] const markRaw: typeof import('vue')['markRaw'] const nextTick: typeof import('vue')['nextTick'] const onActivated: typeof import('vue')['onActivated'] const onBeforeMount: typeof import('vue')['onBeforeMount'] const onBeforeUnmount: typeof import('vue')['onBeforeUnmount'] const onBeforeUpdate: typeof import('vue')['onBeforeUpdate'] const onDeactivated: typeof import('vue')['onDeactivated'] const onErrorCaptured: typeof import('vue')['onErrorCaptured'] const onMounted: typeof import('vue')['onMounted'] const onRenderTracked: typeof import('vue')['onRenderTracked'] const onRenderTriggered: typeof import('vue')['onRenderTriggered'] const onScopeDispose: typeof import('vue')['onScopeDispose'] const onServerPrefetch: typeof import('vue')['onServerPrefetch'] const onUnmounted: typeof import('vue')['onUnmounted'] const onUpdated: typeof import('vue')['onUpdated'] const provide: typeof import('vue')['provide'] const reactive: typeof import('vue')['reactive'] const readonly: typeof import('vue')['readonly'] const ref: typeof import('vue')['ref'] const resolveComponent: typeof import('vue')['resolveComponent'] const shallowReactive: typeof import('vue')['shallowReactive'] const shallowReadonly: typeof import('vue')['shallowReadonly'] const shallowRef: typeof import('vue')['shallowRef'] const toRaw: typeof import('vue')['toRaw'] const toRef: typeof import('vue')['toRef'] const toRefs: typeof import('vue')['toRefs'] const triggerRef: typeof import('vue')['triggerRef'] const unref: typeof import('vue')['unref'] const useAttrs: typeof import('vue')['useAttrs'] const useCssModule: typeof import('vue')['useCssModule'] const useCssVars: typeof import('vue')['useCssVars'] const useSlots: typeof import('vue')['useSlots'] const watch: typeof import('vue')['watch'] const watchEffect: typeof import('vue')['watchEffect'] } export {}
5、自动导入Element Plus 相关函数(components.d.ts)
- 注意:需要安装npm i unplugin-vue-components -D或者yarn add unplugin-vue-components
- 安装完重启项目
import '@vue/runtime-core' declare module '@vue/runtime-core' { export interface GlobalComponents { ElCard: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElCard'] ElCol: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElCol'] ElContainer: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElContainer'] ElFooter: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElFooter'] ElHeader: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElHeader'] ElMain: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElMain'] ElOption: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElOption'] ElPagination: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElPagination'] ElRadioButton: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElRadioButton'] ElRadioGroup: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElRadioGroup'] ElRow: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElRow'] ElSelect: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElSelect'] ElTable: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElTable'] ElTableColumn: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElTableColumn'] Loading: typeof import('element-plus/es')['ElLoadingDirective'] } } export {}
6、vite.config.ts文件配置
- 注意:需要安装npm i unplugin-icons或者yarn add unplugin-icons
import { defineConfig } from 'vite'; import vue from '@vitejs/plugin-vue'; import Icons from "unplugin-icons/vite"; import IconsResolver from "unplugin-icons/resolver"; import AutoImport from "unplugin-auto-import/vite"; import Components from "unplugin-vue-components/vite"; import { ElementPlusResolver } from "unplugin-vue-components/resolvers"; import { loadEnv } from 'vite'; import path from 'path'; // 路径 const pathSrc = path.resolve(__dirname,'src') // https://vitejs.dev/config/ export default({ command, mode }) => { return defineConfig({ plugins: [ vue(), AutoImport({ // Auto import functions from Vue, e.g. ref, reactive, toRef... // 自动导入 Vue 相关函数,如:ref, reactive, toRef 等 imports: ["vue"], // Auto import functions from Element Plus, e.g. ElMessage, ElMessageBox... (with style) // 自动导入 Element Plus 相关函数,如:ElMessage, ElMessageBox... (带样式) resolvers: [ ElementPlusResolver(), // Auto import icon components // 自动导入图标组件 IconsResolver({ prefix: "Icon", }), ], dts: path.resolve(pathSrc, "auto-imports.d.ts"), }), // 自动导入 Element Plus 组件 Components({ resolvers: [ // Auto register icon components // 自动注册图标组件 IconsResolver({ enabledCollections: ["ep"], }), // Auto register Element Plus components ElementPlusResolver(), ], dts: path.resolve(pathSrc, "components.d.ts"), }), // 图标 Icons({ autoInstall: true, }), ], server:{ host: '127.0.0.1', //port: Number(loadEnv(mode, process.cwd()).VITE_APP_PORT), port: 3000, strictPort: true, // 端口被占用直接退出 https: false, open: true,// 在开发服务器启动时自动在浏览器中打开应用程序 proxy: { // 字符串简写写法 '^/api': { target: mode==='development'?loadEnv(mode, process.cwd()).VITE_APP_DEV_URL:loadEnv(mode, process.cwd()).VITE_APP_PROD_URL, changeOrigin: true, rewrite: (path) => path.replace(/^/api/, '') } }, hmr:{ overlay: false // 屏蔽服务器报错 } }, resolve:{ alias:{ '@': pathSrc, } }, css:{ // css预处理器 /*preprocessorOptions: { scss: { additionalData: '@import "@/assets/styles/global.scss";' } }*/ preprocessorOptions: { less: { charset: false, additionalData: '@import "./src/assets/style/global.less";', }, }, }, build:{ chunkSizeWarningLimit: 1500, // 分块打包,分解块,将大块分解成更小的块 rollupOptions: { output:{ manualChunks(id) { if (id.includes('node_modules')) { return id.toString().split('node_modules/')[1].split('/')[0].toString(); } } } } } }) }
7、使用axios封装
完整的环境变量配置文件.env.production和.env.development
7.1、项目根目录的development文件内容如下
# 开发环境 VITE_APP_TITLE = "阿绵" # 端口号 VITE_APP_PORT = "3000" # 请求接口 VITE_APP_DEV_URL = "http://localhost:8088" # 前缀 VITE_APP_BASE_API = "/api"
7.2、项目根目录下的production文件内容如下
# 开发环境 VITE_APP_TITLE = "阿绵" # 端口号 VITE_APP_PORT = "3000" # 请求接口 VITE_APP_DEV_URL = "http://localhost:8088" # 前缀 VITE_APP_BASE_API = "/api"
8、在任何vue文件内使用接口:
-
注意:这里还有一个PageParams全局分页对象:
-
page-params.ts
-
代码如下:
// 全局统一分页参数类型声明 declare interface PageParams { pageNum: number, pageSize: number, type?: Model, // 可选参数 readonly sort?: string // 只读可选参数 } interface Model { type?: string } export default PageParams;
总结
本篇讨论的主要内容是:
- axios整合vite+vue3.0+ts的具体封装步骤,对于细节方面还没很细,可以扩展更深入封装它
(学习视频分享:web前端开发、编程基础视频)